Which nerves are myelinated

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In addition, recent research suggests that axon damage occurs early on in the course of the disease. Once damaged, the ability of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord to communicate with each other and with muscles is compromised, leading to a variety of unpredictable symptoms that vary from person to person.

These symptoms, which can be temporary or permanent, range from fatigue, weakness, and numbness to blindness and even paralysis. Research understanding the components of myelin, how it is produced, and how it functions has paved the way for new therapeutic possibilities in myelin-degenerative diseases like MS.

Repairing and protecting myelin is one of the approaches to treating demyelinating disease like MS. This approach focuses on 1 repairing the damage that has already occurred and 2 preventing further injury to nerves and axons. Several drugs that are currently approved for treating MS follow the second strategy. They work by suppressing or changing the activity of the immune system, protecting myelin from unwarranted attacks.

However, to date none of the available medications address regeneration of lost myelin. Stem cell therapy is one avenue being explored in the search for treatments for MS. These new stem cells were then infused into the spinal cords of mice models of MS where they secreted factors that helped the myelin-producing cells survive. Consequently, these mice had more myelination and less axonal damage compared to mice that did not receive stem cell infusions.

While the results are promising, much more work will need to be done in human clinical trials to determine the therapeutic efficacy. Continued research efforts funded by public and private institutions worldwide seek to understand how myelin is compromised in diseases like MS, revealing new possibilities for treatment and offering hope to the millions of people affected by these diseases. Her translational research focuses on molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and psychosis.

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Read More. Personalize your monthly updates from BrainFacts. Sign Up. For Educators Log in. Research and Discoveries. Myelin is a fatty material that wraps around nerve cell projections. In this image, myelin can be seen on either end of the nerve fibers. The gaps in the middle of the fibers are called nodes, which help transmit electrical signals in neurons. Desmazieres, et al. Journal of Neuroscience, In this illustration of a neuron, myelin is shown in yellow.

In the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, myelin is produced by support cells called Schwann cells. The nuclei of the Schwann cells are shown here in pink. This image shows a cross-section of a mouse nerve. Peters, eds New York, Plenum Press , pp. Jouandet, M. Cortical fields of origin of the anterior commissure of the rhesusmonkey. Keirstead, H. Identification of post-mitotic oligodendrocytes incapable of remyelination within demyelinated adult spinal cord.

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